Ma Joad as Leader in The Grapes of Wrath :: Grapes Wrath essays

In an emergency, an individual's real nature rise. The frail are isolated from the solid and the pioneers are isolated from the devotees. In John Steinbeck's tale The Grapes of Wrath, the Joad family, constrained from their home in Oklahoma, head to California looking for work and flourishing as it were to discover neediness and sadness. Because of an emergency, Ma Joad develops as a controlled, intense, and benevolent power figure for the family. Mama Joad displays exelent discretion during the sufferings and disappointments of the Joad's excursion. Mama realizes that she is the foundation of the family, and that they will endure just on the off chance that she resists the urge to panic. Mama keeps her restraint when Ruthie discloses to certain youngsters about Tom's mystery. The family gets anxious and chafed over the circumstance, however Ma reestablishes request by taking care of the circumstance in a quiet and gathered way. On the off chance that Ma were to ever show dread, the family would no doubt breakdown. For, Old Tom what's more, the kids couldn't realize hurt or dread except if she recognized hurt or on the other hand dread. Thus, in the event that Ma goes about as though everything is okay, at that point the family will expect everything is good. Most individuals from the family straightforwardly express their questions or fears. Mama might be similarly as scared as the remainder of the family, yet she generally keeps up a front for the remainder of the family. At the point when Ma had fears, She had worked on denying them in herself. This unprecedented discretion assists with keeping the Joad unit together and alive. Mama, similar to all pioneers, must be commanding for things to work in her favor. Various circumstances happen in which Ma must be commanding or surrender her job as the leader of the family. Her powerful initiative happens once when the family, without Ma's assent, consents to leave Tom and Casey behind to fix the Wilson's vehicle. Mama feels this will separate the family and utilizations a jack handle to demonstrate her point. It is now Ma replaces Pa as the official leader of the family. Mama's commanding administration additionally surfaces when she compromises a cop with a skillet and at the point when she chooses for the family to leave the administration camp. In both circumstances Ma must utilize power to accomplish her targets; in the two circumstances, she rises successful. Inevitably, Pa becomes irritated due to his misfortune of capacity to a lady and says in dissatisfaction, Appears as though times is changed.

Free Essays on Copright Law Topics

I am at present functioning as a worker for an enormous structure firm in New York. The organization is controlled by a man by the name of Chris Stevenson. The organization structures and creates sites and intuitive cd’s that advance the customer just as teach the purchaser. At present we are building up another site for Toys R Us. The primary issue our organization needed to manage was the issue of copyright encroachment on the entirety of the new illustrations added to the site. We had an outside picture taker come in explicitly to go into Toys R Us and take different photos of the store, some of it’s workers and a few toys and games out on the racks. So as to have the option to try and get photos of any of these things we should have the authorization from the store, the assent of any representative that is captured, just as the consents from the manufacturer’s of any of the toys and games that are shot. The principle worries with these illustrations is that without the authorization from Toys R Us, any representative shot and toy producers of the captured toys and games, this site would not have the option to be finished. Notwithstanding, when we have chosen to utilize these photos inside the site, at that point we should enlist a copyright to every one. By doing this, it shields our organization not just from being sued for encroachment because of redistribution of a copyrighted item yet in addition from others encroaching on the work that was gotten for our site that we as an organization will have elite rights to. On the off chance that there were to be any inquiry concerning the copyrights of anything going onto the website, our organization could allude to the U.S Copyright Office online at www.loc.gov/copyright so as to check and ensure the items are enlisted and enrolled effectively. Likewise the organization might need to check the site on the off chance that they were to just do a speedy verify whether they will really require any permission’s or have any limitations while including another photo or gr... Free Essays on Copright Law Topics Free Essays on Copright Law Topics I am at present filling in as a representative for an enormous plan firm in New York. The organization is controlled by a man by the name of Chris Stevenson. The organization plans and creates sites and intuitive cd’s that advance the customer just as teach the shopper. As of now we are building up another site for Toys R Us. The main issue our organization needed to manage was the issue of copyright encroachment on the entirety of the new designs added to the site. We had an outside picture taker come in explicitly to go into Toys R Us and take different photos of the store, some of it’s workers and a few toys and games out on the racks. So as to have the option to try and get photos of any of these things we should have the authorization from the store, the assent of any representative that is captured, just as the consents from the manufacturer’s of any of the toys and games that are shot. The fundamental worries with these designs is that without the consent from Toys R Us, any representative shot and toy producers of the captured toys and games, this site would not have the option to be finished. Be that as it may, when we have chosen to utilize these photos inside the site, at that point we should enroll a copyright to every one. By doing this, it shields our organization not just from being sued for encroachment because of redistribution of a copyrighted item yet in addition from others encroaching on the work that was acquired for our site that we as an organization will have selective rights to. On the off chance that there were to be any inquiry regarding the copyrights of anything going onto the website, our organization could allude to the U.S Copyright Office online at www.loc.gov/copyright so as to check and ensure the items are enlisted and enrolled accurately. Additionally the organization might need to check the site on the off chance that they were to just do a brisk verify whether they will really require any permission’s or have any limitations while including another photo or gr...

Frameworks Childcare Unit 10

The various structures for kids up until the age of 16 years the follow the national educational plan and the early years establishment years is the age between, from birth-multi year old and the national educational program is ages between 5-11 years. It is compulsory for all the schools and early years settings in ofsed enrolled settings to follow the early year’s establishment stage. The national educational program is separated into four diverse key stages toward the end stage there are SATS which are legal assessment.The early year’s establishment stage The early year establishment stage the point is to give learning through play to model it is significant for ever youngster to be equivalent and to be a novel kid it is likewise essential to have a relationship with the guardians and for the kids government assistance is foremost. Survey your condition to guarantee that it is intriguing, alluring and available to each youngster so they can learn independently.The na tional Curriculum The national educational program is obligatory for all schools between 5-11 years of age, the necessary national educational plan subjects are for key stages 1 and 2 which are English, maths, science, structure and innovation, ICT, history, geology, workmanship and structure, music and physical instruction these are estimated for children’s progress contrasted with all understudies over the country.How the EYFS are utilized by specialists to help learning The activity of the professionals is to build up the six territories of learning by utilizing perceptions on the kids. To watch them to show how much advancement they have made and what realizing bunches they can go into for the best of there capacity. It is significant that the professionals use proportions since they can keep to the standard better and give enthusiastic security.It is additionally significant that experts use wanting to address singular issues and to see the youngster all encompassing per spective on the Childs advancement. It is significant that you plan exercises for the kids and have a scope of toys for all ages and to cover the six regions of learning stages. How the National Curriculum is utilized by educators to help learning The job of the instructor is to authorize the national educational plan and guarantee that all youngsters have no different chances to work to there best ability.It is critical to have enough management and it is additionally significant for all the kids to have a key specialist which would be the instructor of the class which will be there to show the kids a wide range of exercises for instance, maths, composing, physical exercises, and innovative exercises. Additionally it is significant that the educator does arranging, for instance plan the exercises that you are going to show the kids for the week which is known as a momentary arrangement and furthermore plan for the month or the year which is called long haul arranging.

Good Ideas About How to Write an Essay?

Good Ideas About How to Write an Essay?If you want to have some idea about how to write an essay, there are various techniques that you can use to have this done by you. In addition, Brown University online curriculum also has some simple yet excellent tips which you can apply. So here they are. You can check them out now.Make sure that you take a discussion period. Try to really listen to the topic of discussion. This would be a good place for you to mull over the relevant information you need to be on paper. You must also pay attention to some essential points that you can read about and check out with the other students. In addition, you must read some books to understand how to write an essay for yourself.You must also make sure that you include some facts. With just the knowledge of a fact, you are able to add lots of information in your essay. Be sure that you write your essay according to the important information and facts that you know. You must also make sure that you use c orrect grammar.At the same time, you must avoid using the wrong words. You must also try to make your sentences as short as possible. Use some simple words for your sentences. You must also look for the general meanings of words when you do your research. Make sure that you also understand the importance of the said word or words.The theme is very important as well. In fact, a theme will be the basis of your whole essay. It will determine what topics you should focus on.However, you will not find many Brown University essay samples that are basically focused on themes. In addition, inBrown University it is mandatory that you use more than one topic for each section. Hence, it is your responsibility to provide information about the selected topic.You must also make sure that you offer your best effort. It is important that you use only the best essay writer. This is one way to ensure that you do not find any problem in the course material.

Writing News Writing and Copywriting as Explained by Salman Rushdie

Salman Rushdie is one of the most prominent and well-known writers of our time; nobody would doubt that. This makes the early period of his life and the influences that formed him as an author all the more fascinating. Among other things, Salman Rushdie is the author of Midnight’s Children, the novel that not only received the Booker’s prize in 1982, but was also named the best Booker winning novel for the entire existence of the award. He was knighted for his literary achievements. His name is known even to those who have never opened any of his books. However, there is a fact from his biography that will probably come as a piece of news for a lot of people: before becoming a writer he worked under David Ogilvy – the very same David Ogilvy who is considered by many to be one of the greatest copywriters ever, and the person who, to a great extent, defined the way modern advertising industry looks and develops. Some would probably say that copywriting and literary work have nothing in common. Salman Rushdie’s success says otherwise – if we look at his writing career we will see that he followed Ogilvy’s testaments to the letter. For example, Ogilvy suggests that one should spend as much time on headlines as on the rest of the job. It is said that after completing Midnight’s Children Rushdie spent many hours trying to choose the title. After narrowing the list of candidates down to Children of Midnight and Midnight’s Children he typed them over and over again, trying to see which one looks better on paper. Another lesson he learned from his work with Ogilvy is brevity which, in case of advertising, is not only the soul of wit, but a vital necessity. You have to express as much as possible in as few words as possible. As a result, Rushdie always writes in short, simple sentences and says that this way you even look smarter, because this way people better understand what you are saying. Rushdie is famous for having said that in writing success isn’t based on talent. It is based on whether you practice or not. And from his years of work in advertising he learned to treat writing as a job: he never misses deadlines, doesn’t attribute the absence of results to the absence of inspiration; he has a task – he has a client – he does the job.

Writing News Writing and Copywriting as Explained by Salman Rushdie

Salman Rushdie is one of the most prominent and well-known writers of our time; nobody would doubt that. This makes the early period of his life and the influences that formed him as an author all the more fascinating. Among other things, Salman Rushdie is the author of Midnight’s Children, the novel that not only received the Booker’s prize in 1982, but was also named the best Booker winning novel for the entire existence of the award. He was knighted for his literary achievements. His name is known even to those who have never opened any of his books. However, there is a fact from his biography that will probably come as a piece of news for a lot of people: before becoming a writer he worked under David Ogilvy – the very same David Ogilvy who is considered by many to be one of the greatest copywriters ever, and the person who, to a great extent, defined the way modern advertising industry looks and develops. Some would probably say that copywriting and literary work have nothing in common. Salman Rushdie’s success says otherwise – if we look at his writing career we will see that he followed Ogilvy’s testaments to the letter. For example, Ogilvy suggests that one should spend as much time on headlines as on the rest of the job. It is said that after completing Midnight’s Children Rushdie spent many hours trying to choose the title. After narrowing the list of candidates down to Children of Midnight and Midnight’s Children he typed them over and over again, trying to see which one looks better on paper. Another lesson he learned from his work with Ogilvy is brevity which, in case of advertising, is not only the soul of wit, but a vital necessity. You have to express as much as possible in as few words as possible. As a result, Rushdie always writes in short, simple sentences and says that this way you even look smarter, because this way people better understand what you are saying. Rushdie is famous for having said that in writing success isn’t based on talent. It is based on whether you practice or not. And from his years of work in advertising he learned to treat writing as a job: he never misses deadlines, doesn’t attribute the absence of results to the absence of inspiration; he has a task – he has a client – he does the job.

Writing News Writing and Copywriting as Explained by Salman Rushdie

Salman Rushdie is one of the most prominent and well-known writers of our time; nobody would doubt that. This makes the early period of his life and the influences that formed him as an author all the more fascinating. Among other things, Salman Rushdie is the author of Midnight’s Children, the novel that not only received the Booker’s prize in 1982, but was also named the best Booker winning novel for the entire existence of the award. He was knighted for his literary achievements. His name is known even to those who have never opened any of his books. However, there is a fact from his biography that will probably come as a piece of news for a lot of people: before becoming a writer he worked under David Ogilvy – the very same David Ogilvy who is considered by many to be one of the greatest copywriters ever, and the person who, to a great extent, defined the way modern advertising industry looks and develops. Some would probably say that copywriting and literary work have nothing in common. Salman Rushdie’s success says otherwise – if we look at his writing career we will see that he followed Ogilvy’s testaments to the letter. For example, Ogilvy suggests that one should spend as much time on headlines as on the rest of the job. It is said that after completing Midnight’s Children Rushdie spent many hours trying to choose the title. After narrowing the list of candidates down to Children of Midnight and Midnight’s Children he typed them over and over again, trying to see which one looks better on paper. Another lesson he learned from his work with Ogilvy is brevity which, in case of advertising, is not only the soul of wit, but a vital necessity. You have to express as much as possible in as few words as possible. As a result, Rushdie always writes in short, simple sentences and says that this way you even look smarter, because this way people better understand what you are saying. Rushdie is famous for having said that in writing success isn’t based on talent. It is based on whether you practice or not. And from his years of work in advertising he learned to treat writing as a job: he never misses deadlines, doesn’t attribute the absence of results to the absence of inspiration; he has a task – he has a client – he does the job.

Writing News Writing and Copywriting as Explained by Salman Rushdie

Salman Rushdie is one of the most prominent and well-known writers of our time; nobody would doubt that. This makes the early period of his life and the influences that formed him as an author all the more fascinating. Among other things, Salman Rushdie is the author of Midnight’s Children, the novel that not only received the Booker’s prize in 1982, but was also named the best Booker winning novel for the entire existence of the award. He was knighted for his literary achievements. His name is known even to those who have never opened any of his books. However, there is a fact from his biography that will probably come as a piece of news for a lot of people: before becoming a writer he worked under David Ogilvy – the very same David Ogilvy who is considered by many to be one of the greatest copywriters ever, and the person who, to a great extent, defined the way modern advertising industry looks and develops. Some would probably say that copywriting and literary work have nothing in common. Salman Rushdie’s success says otherwise – if we look at his writing career we will see that he followed Ogilvy’s testaments to the letter. For example, Ogilvy suggests that one should spend as much time on headlines as on the rest of the job. It is said that after completing Midnight’s Children Rushdie spent many hours trying to choose the title. After narrowing the list of candidates down to Children of Midnight and Midnight’s Children he typed them over and over again, trying to see which one looks better on paper. Another lesson he learned from his work with Ogilvy is brevity which, in case of advertising, is not only the soul of wit, but a vital necessity. You have to express as much as possible in as few words as possible. As a result, Rushdie always writes in short, simple sentences and says that this way you even look smarter, because this way people better understand what you are saying. Rushdie is famous for having said that in writing success isn’t based on talent. It is based on whether you practice or not. And from his years of work in advertising he learned to treat writing as a job: he never misses deadlines, doesn’t attribute the absence of results to the absence of inspiration; he has a task – he has a client – he does the job.

Writing News Writing and Copywriting as Explained by Salman Rushdie

Salman Rushdie is one of the most prominent and well-known writers of our time; nobody would doubt that. This makes the early period of his life and the influences that formed him as an author all the more fascinating. Among other things, Salman Rushdie is the author of Midnight’s Children, the novel that not only received the Booker’s prize in 1982, but was also named the best Booker winning novel for the entire existence of the award. He was knighted for his literary achievements. His name is known even to those who have never opened any of his books. However, there is a fact from his biography that will probably come as a piece of news for a lot of people: before becoming a writer he worked under David Ogilvy – the very same David Ogilvy who is considered by many to be one of the greatest copywriters ever, and the person who, to a great extent, defined the way modern advertising industry looks and develops. Some would probably say that copywriting and literary work have nothing in common. Salman Rushdie’s success says otherwise – if we look at his writing career we will see that he followed Ogilvy’s testaments to the letter. For example, Ogilvy suggests that one should spend as much time on headlines as on the rest of the job. It is said that after completing Midnight’s Children Rushdie spent many hours trying to choose the title. After narrowing the list of candidates down to Children of Midnight and Midnight’s Children he typed them over and over again, trying to see which one looks better on paper. Another lesson he learned from his work with Ogilvy is brevity which, in case of advertising, is not only the soul of wit, but a vital necessity. You have to express as much as possible in as few words as possible. As a result, Rushdie always writes in short, simple sentences and says that this way you even look smarter, because this way people better understand what you are saying. Rushdie is famous for having said that in writing success isn’t based on talent. It is based on whether you practice or not. And from his years of work in advertising he learned to treat writing as a job: he never misses deadlines, doesn’t attribute the absence of results to the absence of inspiration; he has a task – he has a client – he does the job.

Writing News Writing and Copywriting as Explained by Salman Rushdie

Salman Rushdie is one of the most prominent and well-known writers of our time; nobody would doubt that. This makes the early period of his life and the influences that formed him as an author all the more fascinating. Among other things, Salman Rushdie is the author of Midnight’s Children, the novel that not only received the Booker’s prize in 1982, but was also named the best Booker winning novel for the entire existence of the award. He was knighted for his literary achievements. His name is known even to those who have never opened any of his books. However, there is a fact from his biography that will probably come as a piece of news for a lot of people: before becoming a writer he worked under David Ogilvy – the very same David Ogilvy who is considered by many to be one of the greatest copywriters ever, and the person who, to a great extent, defined the way modern advertising industry looks and develops. Some would probably say that copywriting and literary work have nothing in common. Salman Rushdie’s success says otherwise – if we look at his writing career we will see that he followed Ogilvy’s testaments to the letter. For example, Ogilvy suggests that one should spend as much time on headlines as on the rest of the job. It is said that after completing Midnight’s Children Rushdie spent many hours trying to choose the title. After narrowing the list of candidates down to Children of Midnight and Midnight’s Children he typed them over and over again, trying to see which one looks better on paper. Another lesson he learned from his work with Ogilvy is brevity which, in case of advertising, is not only the soul of wit, but a vital necessity. You have to express as much as possible in as few words as possible. As a result, Rushdie always writes in short, simple sentences and says that this way you even look smarter, because this way people better understand what you are saying. Rushdie is famous for having said that in writing success isn’t based on talent. It is based on whether you practice or not. And from his years of work in advertising he learned to treat writing as a job: he never misses deadlines, doesn’t attribute the absence of results to the absence of inspiration; he has a task – he has a client – he does the job.

Writing News Writing and Copywriting as Explained by Salman Rushdie

Salman Rushdie is one of the most prominent and well-known writers of our time; nobody would doubt that. This makes the early period of his life and the influences that formed him as an author all the more fascinating. Among other things, Salman Rushdie is the author of Midnight’s Children, the novel that not only received the Booker’s prize in 1982, but was also named the best Booker winning novel for the entire existence of the award. He was knighted for his literary achievements. His name is known even to those who have never opened any of his books. However, there is a fact from his biography that will probably come as a piece of news for a lot of people: before becoming a writer he worked under David Ogilvy – the very same David Ogilvy who is considered by many to be one of the greatest copywriters ever, and the person who, to a great extent, defined the way modern advertising industry looks and develops. Some would probably say that copywriting and literary work have nothing in common. Salman Rushdie’s success says otherwise – if we look at his writing career we will see that he followed Ogilvy’s testaments to the letter. For example, Ogilvy suggests that one should spend as much time on headlines as on the rest of the job. It is said that after completing Midnight’s Children Rushdie spent many hours trying to choose the title. After narrowing the list of candidates down to Children of Midnight and Midnight’s Children he typed them over and over again, trying to see which one looks better on paper. Another lesson he learned from his work with Ogilvy is brevity which, in case of advertising, is not only the soul of wit, but a vital necessity. You have to express as much as possible in as few words as possible. As a result, Rushdie always writes in short, simple sentences and says that this way you even look smarter, because this way people better understand what you are saying. Rushdie is famous for having said that in writing success isn’t based on talent. It is based on whether you practice or not. And from his years of work in advertising he learned to treat writing as a job: he never misses deadlines, doesn’t attribute the absence of results to the absence of inspiration; he has a task – he has a client – he does the job.

Social Work Research Paper - 1060 Words

The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog by Dr. Bruce D. Perry is an insightful memoir about a physiatrist’s experiences while working with children who are ridden with psychological disorders due to long term and sever trauma. Each child disused in the reading is unique in their experiences and the consequences of long term neglect and abuse that the children were subjected to at an early age. Throughout the course of the book, the author unravels these traumatic experiences and relates to how they have influence on the child’s current mental state. Dr. Perry uses unconventional and insightful techniques to work with these children, and help them to adapt to social enviornments, florish in an educational†¦show more content†¦Dr. Perry determined that Leon’s mother neglected him as an infant, often times leaving him home alone for hours at a time. Leon did not develop properly because he was unable to form the proper attachmentâ €™s needed for a normal social life. Leon was mentally incapable of thinking about other people, and feeling any sort of love or compassion to other humans. Dr. Perry never said his mother’s neglect was the reason for the murder Leon committed, but he did determine that Leon was a sociopath, and this personality disorder may have been caused by neglect and the lack of attachment during infancy. Leon’s case was the most interesting and perplexing. It was difficult to comprehend, I did not want to place blame on Leon’s mother, because I want to believe that as humans we make choices and dertermine our own actions, however, you cannot escape the differences in Frank and Leon, and the differences in their early childhood. It was also difficult to realize that as a social worker, I may at some point have to work with a client like Leon. I will have to interview him, and figure out what prompted him to commit such a horrific and meaningless murder. It was insightful to read this book with even just a limited and early education in social work. I was able to have a background of how important cognitive development is during infancy. As a social worker, you are able to pick out the mistakes the parents and gardians made while raising their children, you can alsoShow MoreRelatedResearch Methods in Nursing and Social Work: Critical Appraisal Paper.1061 Words   |  5 PagesResearch methods in Nursing and Social Work: Critical appraisal paper. The aim of this assignment is to look at two written research papers and carry out a critical assessment on them. I will present the assignment in two parts, Appendix 1 which is the first research paper called, â€Å"What professionals think about offenders with learning disabilities in the criminal justice system†. 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Qualitative research inform social workers about the best wayRead MoreLkjlj768 Words   |  4 Pageskinds of social problems in societies around the world and in the United States, such as poverty, social inequality, race and cultural discrimination, gender stratification, environmental damage, population growth, and urbanization. For the final project, you will write a 1,750- to 2,450-word paper examining the impact of a current social problem on a particular social group. You may choose a social problem and social group from the list below, or you can research a social problem and social groupRead MoreResearch Proposal : Violation Of Personal Data888 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: The topic for this research proposal is violation of personal data in social network. This topic interests me because when I was playing Facebook, I have seen a lot of advertisements that relied on the websites I have accessed. I am curious why they knew what websites I have reached. 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Substance Abuse and Pregnancy free essay sample

Substance abuse during pregnancy is an ongoing problem. These poor infants can’t defend themselves or stop the harmful substances from entering their body it’s all the desion of the mother but the child is the one who has to suffer the consequences and deal with the long term effect that substance abuse can cause hopefuly this essay will educate about the different risk involved for the mother and for the baby when the mother chooses to smoke, drink alcohol, or use drugs during pregnancy. With the research and facts provided, hopefully people will know how dangerous this and how bad it is effecting the future of society society. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause low birth weight and a number of other defects. Smoking during pregnancy may cause the baby to be born with an addiction to nicotine. Drug use during pregnancy can cause death, low birth weight, blindness and other defects. We will write a custom essay sample on Substance Abuse and Pregnancy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Women who drink alcohol, smoke cigarettes or use drugs should really consider stopping if they become pregnant because of the possibility of long term damage these things can cause the baby. Substance abuse during pregnancy Substance abuse during pregnancy is an ongoing problem, sad thing is that some infants don’t make it, and the one’s that do survive sometimes have to live with a birth defect. Sometimes a mother can do everything rite and baby can still be born with a birth defect. When babies are born with signs of substance abuse they are tested if any illegal drugs or alcohol are found the mother is not able to take child home and the hospital contacts child protective services. Alcohol use, smoking, and illegal drug use during pregnancy are three of the most common causes of low birth weight and birth defects. Alcohol use First, alcohol use is a common cause of low birth weight some women who drink during pregnancy say they didn’t think it would hurt the fetus , even light drinking is not safe, no level of alcohol use during pregnancy has been proven safe. â€Å"Drinking alcohol while pregnant can cause FASD’S (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder’s)†. (Leigh, 2007, p. 47) A growing fetus can’t break down alcohol as fast as an adult body can so the substance stays in the baby’s blood stream longer which can cause delays in growth, most babies born to mothers who drink are born premature. The effects of substance abuse during pregnancy can be mild or severe, baby may be born with mental retardation, behavioral and or learning delays, and alcohol use can harm organs like the heart and sometimes can be severe enough to cause death. Smoking Next, Smoking, smoking during pregnancy exposes the fetus to very harmful chemicals such as nicotine, carbon monoxide, and tar, these chemicals make it hard for babies to get oxygen which can harm the brain, and also smoking can damage baby’s lungs. Mothers who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to experience a high risk pregnancy which is when your chances of having a miscarriage are severely high. These women are more likely to experience vaginal bleeding, pain and cramping during pregnancy. â€Å" Smoking during pregnancy can also cause expecting mothers to experience placenta abruption which is when the placenta peels away partially or almost completely from the uterine wall before delivery† ( Smoking During Pregnancy. 2009. ) these complications cause babies to be more likely to experience prematurity which is when a baby is born before reaching 37 weeks of development. Babies born prematurely are at risk for lifelong disabilities like cerebral palsy and or learning problems. Illegal Drug Use Finally illegal drugs, using illegal drugs during pregnancy can be very harmful to mother and fetus. Drug use can cause miscarriage, low birth weight, premature labor, fetal death and in some cases maternal death. Just like alcohol consumption drugs used by the mother enter the blood stream of the baby and remains in baby’s body longer; elimination of drug is faster in adults. Babies born to mothers use illegal drugs during pregnancy have a 25% increased chance of premature labor† (Mothers risk, 2011. ) Some of the physical effects of drug use during pregnancy include but are not limited to smaller hear size; Babies may also be born with missing or not completely developed limbs, and may be growth restricted. Babies who mother began drug use later in pregnancy are at risk of being born addicted to whatever drug mother was using during pregnancy and experience with drawl symptoms like problems with feeding, tremors, and muscle spasms. Conclusion Alcohol use, Smoking and illegal drug use continue to be a problem causing low birth weight and birth defects these babies the ones who make it through that is are forced to live with these problem because of the choices of the mother. . References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Updated 5/2/06. Maternal Alcohol Use During Breast-Feeding and Infant Mental and Motor Development. New England Journal of Medicine, volume 321, number 7, (August 17, 1989) pages 425-430 .

Romeo And Juliet With West Side Story Essays -

Romeo And Juliet With West Side Story Story are two very similar movies. Though they are alike in many ways, they are also very different as well. The two movies mirror each other all the way until the fight in West Side Story and until Mercutio dies in Romeo and Juliet. When Tony dies in West Side Story and Maria, acting as a "Juliet", the major differences start to show. In Romeo and Juliet, the two lovers both die, in West Side Story, Maria lives. Instead of fighting between families, as the Montagues and the Capulets, West Side Story brings out the gang activity, Sharks vs. Jets. Some of the characters in West Side Story are the same personality-type as the ones in Romeo and Juliet. These characters: Maria as a Juliet, Tony as Romeo, Bernardo as Tybalt, Anita as the Nurse, etc., have the same attitudes. These are only a few of the similarities. The opening scenes in both movies are similar also. In West Side Story the Sharks harass a man, as the members of his gang show up to his side. They don't exchange words; they just start singing and dancing. This is when the cops come to break up the two gangs, just like Esclas(?) did in Romeo and Juliet. There is another time when Riff talks Tony into attending the dance at the gym as Benvolio talks Romeo into attending the ball. At the dance, there appears a young girl, Maria, just as in Romeo and Juliet, the exact ideal when Juliet appears. When Anita is telling Maria that she can't possibly be in love with Tony; for he is an American, and Lady Capulet and the Nurse speak to Juliet about the differences between the two families. Both girls know that their love is chancing, they still are strong-willed in keeping it. Both girls are also there to marry people they are not in love with. And again, their Ladies tell them that they should just marry who they are told to marry. In West Side Story, Tony and Maria first meet at the dance just as in Romeo and Juliet, where they both first meet at the ball. It is like love at first sight in both stories. The balcony scene in Romeo and Juliet also reflects the fire escape scene in West Side Story. Both men speak to the girls as a part of the sky, the sun, moon, etc. Anita finds out about the love between Tony and Maria, as the Nurse with Romeo and Juliet, yet both are supportive. The gang activity in West Side Story doesn't come that close with the gang activity of today. Today, gangs are a lot more violent, there is a harsher way to prove your loyalty whereas today, like having to kill someone or cut off their fingers, etc. In West Side Story, to be in gangs you must just prove your loyalty through your honesty. In gangs today, they surely don't sing and dance around. The names that the gangs have in West Side Story are not harsh names, either. Today, they are ugly names with harsh meanings. The only similar things with the gangs today and in West Side Story that I have seen is that they stick together, push their publicity, and have certain things about them that they all do together. One example, being the color, number, race, name, etc., that today's gangs use to distinguish themselves with also is used in West Side Story. Roxanne and Cyrano de Bergerac also have similar qualities to them. First, the names of Roxanne and C. D Bales, maybe standing for Cyrano de Bergerac and of course both girls are named Roxanne. In both movies, the whole town loves a man, but the man fears that he could never have the love of a woman because he has such a big nose. Both movies strike a universal note because maybe that we all have some type of thing or way about us that we secretly fear people may ridicule. In Cyrano de Bergerac, Cyrano falls in love with Roxanne, as does Christian. This reflects Bales falling in love with, again, Roxanne just like Chris. In Roxanne, she falls in love with Chris first because of the outer features, but he doesn't know how to talk to woman. C.D Bales is good with woman and gentle with them, just like in Cyrano, how Roxanne is in love with Christian's face and Cyrano's words. There is also a

Biosafety Protocol essays

Biosafety Protocol essays Thesis statement: An international biosafety protocol should be created to establish and maintain control over the products designed I. The existing laws and regulations that govern the release of transgenic organisms are inadequate or nonexistent. A. The developed nations of the world are using regulations that were designed to control and monitor crops created with traditional B. Biotechnology is regulated by three different agencies. C. The undeveloped nations have virtually no regulations governing 1. This indicates that biotechnological research can and is being conducted in these countries without regulation. 2. There are many biotech companies based in developed countries that have branches or joint ventures around the world. II. The potential risks of transgenic organisms to the environment is A. Some experts warn that there is a danger that biotechnology can B. Biotechnology has the potential to harm the economies of some C. The last and possible the most important argument for an international biosafety protocol is in the name of ignorance and caution III. The United States, Germany, Japan, and Australia are the only countries opposed to the biosafety protocol. IV. The need for a change in the world of agriculture is undeniable. As the world moves closer to the 21st century, research and development in the area of biotechnology has increased dramatically. According to Bette Hileman of Chemical and Engineering News, the world population will increase by 3 billion people in the next thirty years while the amount of land available for agriculture cannot be greatly expanded. "Biotechnology - specifically that aspect involved in transferring genes from one species into the [DNA] of another - has the potential to alleviate . . ." (8) this and many other problems facing the world in the near future. Even though biotechnology has already shown dramatic r...

Critically discuss the dichotomy implicit in the term 'impartial Essay

Critically discuss the dichotomy implicit in the term 'impartial advice' when referring to travel information provided by go - Essay Example The objective of this essay is to show the impact of the partial and impartial advice on travelling and travel patterns. The paper shed light of the reason why biases exist in the issuing of advice and travel information and the remedy to the same. Government advisories seem to target the first time travellers and families. They seem vulnerable and excited and may fail to take full precautions when they travel the tourist destinations around the world. There are other groups that depend on the travel services for business and commercial purposes, management and administration (Unger 1983). These groups are driven by strategy and ambition. These later groups become affected by unnecessary travels bans and alerts. The companies seek to avoid corporate risks. Travel related advises seem to indicate that it does not apply all the time. Governments have a tendency to be precautionary (Prentice 1992). Research shows that most of the governments do not invest a lot getting the resources nec essary to issue travel advisories exclusively. It rare to get a government department that deals exclusively of research and collection of data on travel advisories. Tonny Ridley argues that small countries have no dedicated travel advisory services. This is as a result of lack of commercial experience (Tyrrel 1984). Partial travel advice is issued when the government wants to achieve a certain purpose. Most of such advice is predicated on government interests. It could be a form of censorship or omissions. This is in comparison to the business or commercial sector (Pothman 1978). The government is often accused of not seeing the commercial aspect of travel bans and advisories. Security departments are swift to issue travel advice, which could hurt the economy in the long run. Most travel agencies are said to be biased. They tend to be partial toward airlines and other travel products and services. Therefore, their travel advice is often treated with suspicion. Agencies are biased t owards travel service vendors. They list their favourite airlines first for other reasons other than the professional reasons (Tyrrel 1984). In the United States of America, the federal government was forced to respond to complaints that touched on these biases and partial attitude. The federal government adopted regulations that would limit them from intentionally biasing flights in favour of airlines (Ross 1992). Nongovernmental airlines are known to give professional and impartial advice on air travel. They tend to focus on the economic aspect more than the air travel politics. An air traveller should get advice from as a variety of sources if possible. Consumer lives under the fear of getting biased travel advice. The move by the federal government did not restore the consumer confidence in the travel industry and advice (Pothman 1978). The only way the consumer is assured of getting unbiased and impartial advice is when they go to the agencies directly. Online travel agencies a re increasingly focusing on profitability (Unger 1983). They are in the process of developing software that likes them to CSR. There is growing concern they might favour airlines that offer the agencies high commissions. Travel agencies are legally allowed to be partial while displaying so as to favour their most profitable choices. In the United States of America, this is including the CSR owned travel agencies. This can happen at the expense of the agencies are cheap and professional in terms

Neanderthals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Neanderthals - Research Paper Example Some suggests that the species mated with the human and disappeared into the other human species. Others think Neanderthals were underwent extinction since they could not compete favorably with humans a process that Charles Darwin would call natural selection. The origins of the Neanderthals can be traced back to about 250 years ago when a discovery of a born resembling that of a long-dead bear was made in Germany. However, a closer look at the born later suggested that they were not those of a bear as earlier thought. This is because the bones resembled those of human beings despite being excessively thick and oddly shaped. During the discovery, fifteen pieces of the skeleton and a skullcap were found at the site. The skullcap was found to be that which usually covers the human brain. Because of the strangeness of the remains, it became necessary to conduct a thorough examination on it leading to the fossil being handed over to Herrmann Schaafhausen, a local anatomist to do more research (Stefoff 11). Upon examination, Schaafhausen noticed that the fossils were human but only differed from those of the modern human being slightly. He concluded that the remains might have originated from the wild races, which lived in northwestern Europe documented by scholars. The place was called the Neander valley. However, Rudolf Virchow, a German anatomist also examined the remains and concluded that the peculiar thick, curved bone of the Neanderthal skeleton might have been caused by rickets. He went on to suggest that the peculiar structure of the skull might have been a result of blows to the head and arthritis. Upon thorough examination of the bones, Virchow disagreed with the earlier conclusions that the remains originated from the earlier primitive tribesmen. On his part, he concluded that the bones belonged to the unfortunate individuals who lived in the past (Stefoff 11). The conclusion

Cnbc House of Cards Essay Example for Free

Cnbc House of Cards Essay Who the players are? Stakeholders? Technical and ethical issues are? What was the relationship about prices and personal incomes? People started to buy houses that they couldn’t afford and then they were left behind leaving. The economy is falling and so are the communities. Insects, graffiti, dirty pools are left behind since people are evicted and people don’t have were to go. The lenders are not responsive to customers who want to cooperate to pay for their debts. Wall street only cares about the money they can generate from this foreclosure. During the crisis thousands of people were relieved from their jobs MORTGAGE RATES Housing prices were rising faster than incomes making it impossible to keep with payments. The demand for the houses went down and prices SHOULD HAVE been that prices went down but they went up. People will not be able to pay making prices to fall but they didn’t fell. â€Å"Keep going until someone tells you no† (uniformed and uneducated in finance?) the person didn’t know what he was able to pay right now and in the future, and he asked until someone tell him that he couldn’t do so. BUT people keep buying houses. CHAPTER 2 MORTGAGE MARKET ON FIRE Subprime mortgage –mortgage for the credit challenged Freddie and Fannie – the leaders in mortgage lending Quick Loan – for people who couldn’t afford a down payment You didn’t need to prove how much you made, no verifying incomes or assets After 2001 things got crazy. Before 2001 it was difficult to get a loan because more verification was needed such as tax returns, how much you make, and down payment. They had good loans until 2001. **GSE’s accounting scandal (executives could make more bonuses) In 1999 GLB the banks became deregulated causing banks to become commercial banks and mortgage brokers. Fannie and Freddie buyed loans from mortgages firms. They stated the rules. Until this point they were dominant because they only bought loans in which their investments would pay off. Then came the accounting scandals and they are in the penalty box. After 9/11 interest rates were lowered by the government and now houses are more appealing (or just buying was more appealing). Countries that were once stated as poor become wealthy countries and after all this happened (9/11 and Fannie and Freddie). Moral hazard what Dallas say about the wires crossing. CHAPTER 3 – DREAM HOUSES In 2002 government pushed Wall Street and lenders to facilitate mortgages. Adjusting interest rate – low interest rates the first two years and later higher interest rates. He claimed that he made almost four times than what he actually did. Lots of refinancing and lots of spending by the population Irresponsibility by the black lady, she could afford it because the mortgage broker gave her the company’s money * but it reality she couldn’t afford it She should have done a down payment, she didn’t do it Its an adjustable rate instead of a fixed rate CHAPTER 4 – LEGIONS OF LENDERS 20-30 minutes to provide a loan Loan officers with no experience on the industry had the job to provide as much loans as they could, their job was to close the loans. Health problems by the dirty pools left behind CHAPTER 5 – STAMPS OF APPROVAL In 2004 home ownership rates were higher than ever and construction in over 20 years, but they were not sustainable. But we ran out of people who could afford mortgages and even we throw subprime loans. Greater mortgage alternatives rather than the fixed rate loans. Allen came up with the Pay Option Negative Amortization Adjustable Rate Mortgage. Traditional loans had full amortization, fixed rates, and a fixed payment. Instead of having a fixed rate then an adjustable rate was used making possible people to make their payments. The problem was that if it went up, then the borrowers will not be able to afford the payments anymore unless their incomes went up fast. Pay options were also available allowing the borrowers to choose lower payments and the balance of what you should pay and what you actually paid was added to the loan to have a negative amortization. The introductory low rates were called Teaser Rates. The goal was to make home ownership more affordable for more people. Michael Francis and other brokers in Wall Street knew that some of these loans are bad loans but they didn’t cared because they transferred all these loans to whoever wanted to buy them such as pension funds. They are just the intermediary or the pipeline. These pension funds could only buy AAA mortgage loan. The investors wanted to sell their loans to the pension funds but they needed to be rated AAA by these agencies. Their job was to evaluate the risk of the securities. What was the ethical issue here with the agencies? The riskier BBB looked as good as the triple AAA and they looked much safer than they used to be and they started to look more like a AAA security. So AAA requirement got lower as the market got smart. Moodies, SP, and Fitch are the three rating agencies. They didn’t give price but based on their ratings they got priced. The suggestion is that these agencies would come with the investment bankers. The business was getting more competitive so you just wanted to get more business or more business than the other agencies. When Anne Arundel was asked if standards lower she replied, The problem is that if you are the only person to know how these standards work, if investors are not paying attention and banks are only comparing what they will get from you instead of the other agency, then no one is paying attention. This means that the investors are not concerned about the standards but how much AAA securities they could get from each agency. Then no one is paying attention? They are the ones that came up with the ratings, so this is not a fair statement. The investment banks were the ones who hired the rating agencies and they controlled the â€Å"repeating game†. It doesn’t make sense because the investors are the ones who should have made these appraisals instead of the investment bankers. It was advantageous for the investment banks to get as many AAA as possible to sell them as fast as possible since they only accepted AAA securities. They are not responsible for pricing the securities but only to rate them. Your payment goes down and the interest rates went up and the difference was added to the principal. The three rating agencies provided which loans are risky and which ones are not. Investment rate goes from AAA to BBB and this were the ones acceptable. BBB sounded more safe than their used to be and the requirements for AAA were lowered. Rating agencies helped lenders to achieve these requirements but they reject these accusations. So mispricing of risk occurred because they wanted more business than the other agencies. CDO worked really well around the country and around the world. CHAPTER 6 – ARCTIC INVESTORS Takes place in Narvik Norway. The major of Narvik says that the town was getting fewer taxes so the town council took and loan to place the money in CDOs. They bought the securities from Terra. They didn’t know what they were buying but they knew they were AAA rating CDOs. Citigroup was selling CDOs to Terra who knew a little about them and sold them to municipalities like Narvik that didn’t knew anything about them. Narvik taxes levels were going down. The problem was that their inflow was too low, do they decide to take action and increase this inflow. Knowing the risk rating was more important than knowing what it was. CDOs you take lower rated securities and bundle them up and create AAA securities. Why there were CDOS because the AAA are easy to sell but the BBB higher risk are tougher to sell and if you don’t sell them all you don’t make profit. Wall Street investment bankers created these new products. Bill Dallas said it was like a frat party were people didn’t go home, we could have stop it but we didn’t stop it because if we had we are just one company we would have gone out of business and another company would have taken his business. This was not his strategy but these products were doing big money. They talked about greed, a lot. CHAPTER 7 INSIGHT INTO OUTSIGHT The banks were never contacted by the SEC of the FED according to Michael Francis. But don’t use this in the paper because we don’t know if its true. The FED said that they could have done something but unemployment would have gone to 10%. The lack of oversight †¦ allen grenspan (Federal Reserve) there are a number of things, that there is a little thragh in this business. It could have done it buy it would have been politically suicide. The SEC didn’t intervene because they assumed the banks would police themselves. CHAPTER 8 THE BIG WINNER Kyle Bass discovered that bad loans were being made by Quick Loan Funding and decided to bet that at some point they would go bad. He invested $1 billion. CHAPTER 9 A WORLD OF HURT Bill Dallas discovered in 2006 when most of the loans were going bad. Wall Street decided to stop buying these bad loans and no cash was going into the lenders so many lending companies started to close. Quick fund Lending and Own it by Bill Dallas closed. People were not able to make the payment son their loans so they decided to default the loans and the house of cards started to fall. Simmons blames herself and the industry because they made her the unpayable loan. Arturo Trevilla lost his home along with his dream to own a business. Some California neighborhoods became ghost towns filled with empty homes. Then homes prices began to fall and the global credit crisis began. In Norway people began to realize that their investment came to nothing or loses. The losses accounted a quarter of their budget. Narwik didn’t bought home CDOs but municipal bonds. The only winner was Kyle Bass by betting against the market. He made 600% in 18 months. Retail sales went down after the attacks of 9/11 and the country was still recovering from the .com bust and the economy needed money to be invested and money to be spent. The lower the interest rates the cheaper it is to loan. The cost of borrowing became cheaper than the past generation. Prime interest rates were cut down along with mortgage rates. But at the same time prices were rising faster than people’s incomes. The problem was that if prices were going up and people’s incomes at a slower rate, then less people will be able to buy a house and therefore the demand for houses will fall and causing prices to fall. But the reality was that the price and demand didn’t go down. You swing for the fences until someone tells you to stop. Subprime mortgage is a mortgage for the credit challenged and was created in California. Back then getting a mortgage was not easy because a lot of information was needed, such a visit, bank statements, and wait 90 days. You check two years tax returns fully documented. Bill Dallas was 30 years in the business. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were created by Congress to increase home ownership. They bought mortgage loans from mortgage lenders. They get cash in return and make more loans. They received constant flow from home owners and create the Mortgaged backed security. They dominated the market of mortgage backed security. They dictated the rules for lending. They only accepted loans from people that were able to make the monthly payments but the smaller morgages instutions wanted to change that. They wanted to make sure that everyone could afford a loan or a home and they saw the right opportunity when these two companies got into an accounting scandal and received a penalty. They lost their dominance in the mortgage industry. With no leaders lenders could bend the rules. Who took over? Wall Street. Michael Francis worked with a company that wanted to take over Freddie and Fannie’s place. After 2001 and 2002 the mortgage market got in fire because cash was abundant. Countries that were once poor now had money and they wanted to invest in something and Wall Street had what they were looking; securities backed by American homes and American borrowers. More revenue through more loans. There were no money down for people with good credit. Quick loan funding target people who couldn’t afford a down payment and had a bad credit; these are called subprime loans. You didn’t need to prove how much money you generated and it was called stated income. You didn’t need to look at assets either. The problem was that Wall Street said ok and they decided to buy them. In 2002 the Bush administration pushed people to have a home. Arturo Trevilla dreamed to have an own business and a home. He bought a home with an adjustable interest rates. The first two years with low interest rates and then with higher interest rates. His broker told him that his home’s price will go up and that he could make a cash loan to start his own business. The paperwork was tricky and he didn’t read the contract and couldn’t understand it. He knowingling signed that he generated four times his salary and that he could afford to pay his $584,000. Cynthia Simmons also craved a better life. She lived in a bad neighborhood in California and decided to get out of there. Compton was infested with gang warfare. For her own and her family’s safety she had to get away from Compton. An agent got her a house in New Belinda California, own of the best neighborhoods. Simmons said that her mortgage broker lied on her income and without her knowledge he signed to loans. More of these loans were made and Wall Street was loaded with cash as long with homeowners that had more cash. Retail sales were going up. With the value of their homes rising they were able to refinance their loans and put cash in their pockets to spend. Lots of refinancing and cash occurred. Home values were rising and the equity on their houses was also rising. With this people refinanced their loans and made restorations and improvements. It took a week to close the loan and the conversation was wrapped up in 20 to 30 minutes. The loan officers had incentives to close more loans to generate more fees. Loan officers had no training; including pizza deliverymen. Their training was to close the loan and no license was required. Daniel Sadek was the owner of Quick Loan Funding in 2002 and became a wealthy man. Daniel sold Mercedes to young kids who were loan officers and he realized he wanted in that business. The subprime business was booming. Frank Medina and wife refinanced their loan to finished the back yard and pay their credit cards. Kelly and Mark Gifford refinanced their loan again because the value of their homes were rising. People turned their homes into cash machines. Daniel was financed by many of the industries largest investors (citigroup, Wells Fargo, ben Bernsatein) and he didn’t had a degree and they secured his loans so that he could finance your loans. Wall street created a market for the worst mortgages. He never made a loan that WS will never buy. Almost always they found someone in WS to sell that loan. Bankers became intoxicated with the amount of loans they could sell to WS. (38:00 min) What did banks did? They made this mortgages and used the warehouse line of credit and made a lot of these funds and pooled them. The economic and political environment when it started? What is the long term for the product? Product that came out of Allen †¦ Explain all the parts Why was people taking loans? To achieve the American dream, to pull cash put to do anything such as pay debts, to buy a house, to refinance their mortgage and get a better rate What where the rating agencies job? To assign risk to the securities. One of the problems or moral hazard? Investment banks hired them to rate their securities (you cant say they did it to have more business). Prices were increasing higher that people’s incomes. The issue was that people were using the house as an investment and they were counting on them. Prices rising in the entire economy, and income at a lower pace, so fewer people can afford to buy houses. It can remain that way and Kyle Bass said that income should rise or houses should come down. GSC – Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had two roles – they set the rules to what a good mortgage was and they stated the requirements for making a loan. They established what a good loan was. When they came back they bought subprime mortgages. They were regulated agencies and when they were taken out other unregulated agencies took their place. As long as there is someone that will buy something from you, it will continue to supply it. Liar loans? CDOs? Teaser rate? – The initial rate people pay because it is substantially lower before it adjusts. People were not concern that it will adjust because they were going to refinance the loan anyways.

Life and Death Essay -- essays research papers

What is this Book trying to teach us concerning the topic?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book is trying to teach us, the readers, that there are five main stages that help us cope with a death of someone close or somebody that is going to die.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first stage that is mentioned in the book is Denial. Ross tells of how a person just does not want to be with anyone but himself or herself because they don’t know why God is choosing them to die at that present time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second stage Ms. Ross talks about is Denial. This stage is where the dieing patient just won’t admit to themselves or others that it is their time to go and meet their fate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third stage is Anger. This is when the dieing patient just hates everyone around them and doesn’t want to be bothered about the topic of their death. They just want to be alone with no outside contact. The fourth stage is Bargaining. Ms. Ross states that the dieing patient asks God as well telling their family and friends that he or she wants to spend just a little more time on Earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The last and final stage that Ms. Ross talks about is Acceptance. This stage tops off the whole process of dieing because once you reach this stage, you know that you did all you can do on Earth and you have told your family and friends everything you wanted to tell them before you die.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With these five stages, I learned that you can fully complete the process of death because they can help to live a happy, richer, and fuller life. What were the most powerful feelings you had in reading this book, and how did the book affect you personally?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most powerful feelings that I read in the book appealed to me in a very important way because they showed me how to cope with the death of a family member. One feeling was that I had was in the Special Forms of Communication chapter. This chapter talked about how to cope with a dieing person who was no longer able to communicate verbally. This is a very powerful message to me because my grandfather who past away just over a year ago this past September had two strokes and was not able to communicate verbally. Ms. Ross talked about how you need to use hand signals and to say things to th... ... for a person that deals with the life and death profession because it gives the professional a bigger edge on what is going on with the person who is experiencing a death or tragedy. How does Jesus’ teachings concerning death differ from the author’s views?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jesus’ teachings concerning death differ from those of Kubler-Ross’ because Jesus taught his people that you should accept death no matter how it comes to you because no matter what, God will love you because he is calling you to your real home, Heaven because he feels that you are ready to experience eternal life after your physical death. Jesus also taught us that God holds your fate in his hands and he is the only one that knows when your time is up and ready to meet your destiny with him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These teachings differ from the author’s views because the author teaches us that there are five stages of death and that everyone of us go through them before we die. Ross’ views reflect her opinions because she studied her work for a very long time before she could prove her opinions and therefore her opinions differ vastly from those of Jesus Christ, the Lord our God.

Angels Demons Chapter 130-133

130 The camerlegno began to feel the fog of wonder and adrenaline dissipating. As the Swiss Guard helped him down the Royal Staircase toward the Sistine Chapel, the camerlegno heard singing in St. Peter's Square and he knew that mountains had been moved. Grazie Dio. He had prayed for strength, and God had given it to him. At moments when he had doubted, God had spoken. Yours is a Holy mission, God had said. I will give you strength. Even with God's strength, the camerlegno had felt fear, questioning the righteousness of his path. If not you, God had challenged, then Who? If not now, then When? If not this way, then How? Jesus, God reminded him, had saved them all†¦ saved them from their own apathy. With two deeds, Jesus had opened their eyes. Horror and Hope. The crucifixion and the resurrection. He had changed the world. But that was millennia ago. Time had eroded the miracle. People had forgotten. They had turned to false idols – techno-deities and miracles of the mind. What about miracles of the heart! The camerlegno had often prayed to God to show him how to make the people believe again. But God had been silent. It was not until the camerlegno's moment of deepest darkness that God had come to him. Oh, the horror of that night! The camerlegno could still remember lying on the floor in tattered nightclothes, clawing at his own flesh, trying to purge his soul of the pain brought on by a vile truth he had just learned. It cannot be! he had screamed. And yet he knew it was. The deception tore at him like the fires of hell. The bishop who had taken him in, the man who had been like a father to him, the clergyman whom the camerlegno had stood beside while he rose to the papacy†¦ was a fraud. A common sinner. Lying to the world about a deed so traitorous at its core that the camerlegno doubted even God could forgive it. â€Å"Your vow!† the camerlegno had screamed at the Pope. â€Å"You broke your vow to God! You, of all men!† The Pope had tried to explain himself, but the camerlegno could not listen. He had run out, staggering blindly through the hallways, vomiting, tearing at his own skin, until he found himself bloody and alone, lying on the cold earthen floor before St. Peter's tomb. Mother Mary, what do I do? It was in that moment of pain and betrayal, as the camerlegno lay devastated in the Necropolis, praying for God to take him from this faithless world, that God had come. The voice in his head resounded like peals of thunder. â€Å"Did you vow to serve your God?† â€Å"Yes!† the camerlegno cried out. â€Å"Would you die for your God?† â€Å"Yes! Take me now!† â€Å"Would you die for your church?† â€Å"Yes! Please deliver me!† â€Å"But would you die for†¦ mankind?† It was in the silence that followed that the camerlegno felt himself falling into the abyss. He tumbled farther, faster, out of control. And yet he knew the answer. He had always known. â€Å"Yes!† he shouted into the madness. â€Å"I would die for man! Like your son, I would die for them!† Hours later, the camerlegno still lay shivering on his floor. He saw his mother's face. God has plans for you, she was saying. The camerlegno plunged deeper into madness. It was then God had spoken again. This time with silence. But the camerlegno understood. Restore their faith. If not me†¦ then who? If not now†¦ then when? As the guards unbolted the door of the Sistine Chapel, Camerlegno Carlo Ventresca felt the power moving in his veins†¦ exactly as it had when he was a boy. God had chosen him. Long ago. His will be done. The camerlegno felt reborn. The Swiss Guard had bandaged his chest, bathed him, and dressed him in a fresh white linen robe. They had also given him an injection of morphine for the burn. The camerlegno wished they had not given him painkillers. Jesus endured his pain for three days on the cross! He could already feel the drug uprooting his senses†¦ a dizzying undertow. As he walked into the chapel, he was not at all surprised to see the cardinals staring at him in wonder. They are in awe of God, he reminded himself. Not of me, but how God works THROUGH me. As he moved up the center aisle, he saw bewilderment in every face. And yet, with each new face he passed, he sensed something else in their eyes. What was it? The camerlegno had tried to imagine how they would receive him tonight. Joyfully? Reverently? He tried to read their eyes and saw neither emotion. It was then the camerlegno looked at the altar and saw Robert Langdon. 131 Camerlegno Carlo Ventresca stood in the aisle of the Sistine Chapel. The cardinals were all standing near the front of the church, turned, staring at him. Robert Langdon was on the altar beside a television that was on endless loop, playing a scene the camerlegno recognized but could not imagine how it had come to be. Vittoria Vetra stood beside him, her face drawn. The camerlegno closed his eyes for a moment, hoping the morphine was making him hallucinate and that when he opened them the scene might be different. But it was not. They knew. Oddly, he felt no fear. Show me the way, Father. Give me the words that I can make them see Your vision. But the camerlegno heard no reply. Father, We have come too far together to fail now. Silence. They do not understand what We have done. The camerlegno did not know whose voice he heard in his own mind, but the message was stark. And the truth shall set you free†¦ And so it was that Camerlegno Carlo Ventresca held his head high as he walked toward the front of the Sistine Chapel. As he moved toward the cardinals, not even the diffused light of the candles could soften the eyes boring into him. Explain yourself, the faces said. Make sense of this madness. Tell us our fears are wrong! Truth, the camerlegno told himself. Only truth. There were too many secrets in these walls†¦ one so dark it had driven him to madness. But from the madness had come the light. â€Å"If you could give your own soul to save millions,† the camerlegno said, as he moved down the aisle, â€Å"would you?† The faces in the chapel simply stared. No one moved. No one spoke. Beyond the walls, the joyous strains of song could be heard in the square. The camerlegno walked toward them. â€Å"Which is the greater sin? Killing one's enemy? Or standing idle while your true love is strangled?† They are singing in St. Peter's Square! The camerlegno stopped for a moment and gazed up at the ceiling of the Sistine. Michelangelo's God was staring down from the darkened vault†¦ and He seemed pleased. â€Å"I could no longer stand by,† the camerlegno said. Still, as he drew nearer, he saw no flicker of understanding in anyone's eyes. Didn't they see the radiant simplicity of his deeds? Didn't they see the utter necessity! It had been so pure. The Illuminati. Science and Satan as one. Resurrect the ancient fear. Then crush it. Horror and Hope. Make them believe again. Tonight, the power of the Illuminati had been unleashed anew†¦ and with glorious consequence. The apathy had evaporated. The fear had shot out across the world like a bolt of lightning, uniting the people. And then God's majesty had vanquished the darkness. I could not stand idly by! The inspiration had been God's own – appearing like a beacon in the camerlegno's night of agony. Oh, this faithless world! Someone must deliver them. You. If not you, who? You have been saved for a reason. Show them the old demons. Remind them of their fear. Apathy is death. Without darkness, there is no light. Without evil, there is no good. Make them choose. Dark or light. Where is the fear? Where are the heroes? If not now, when? The camerlegno walked up the center aisle directly toward the crowd of standing cardinals. He felt like Moses as the sea of red sashes and caps parted before him, allowing him to pass. On the altar, Robert Langdon switched off the television, took Vittoria's hand, and relinquished the altar. The fact that Robert Langdon had survived, the camerlegno knew, could only have been God's will. God had saved Robert Langdon. The camerlegno wondered why. The voice that broke the silence was the voice of the only woman in the Sistine Chapel. â€Å"You killed my father?† she said, stepping forward. When the camerlegno turned to Vittoria Vetra, the look on her face was one he could not quite understand – pain yes, but anger? Certainly she must understand. Her father's genius was deadly. He had to be stopped. For the good of Mankind. â€Å"He was doing God's work,† Vittoria said. â€Å"God's work is not done in a lab. It is done in the heart.† â€Å"My father's heart was pure! And his research proved – â€Å" â€Å"His research proved yet again that man's mind is progressing faster than his soul!† The camerlegno's voice was sharper than he had expected. He lowered his voice. â€Å"If a man as spiritual as your father could create a weapon like the one we saw tonight, imagine what an ordinary man will do with his technology.† â€Å"A man like you?† The camerlegno took a deep breath. Did she not see? Man's morality was not advancing as fast as man's science. Mankind was not spiritually evolved enough for the powers he possessed. We have never created a weapon we have not used! And yet he knew that antimatter was nothing – another weapon in man's already burgeoning arsenal. Man could already destroy. Man learned to kill long ago. And his mother's blood rained down. Leonardo Vetra's genius was dangerous for another reason. â€Å"For centuries,† the camerlegno said, â€Å"the church has stood by while science picked away at religion bit by bit. Debunking miracles. Training the mind to overcome the heart. Condemning religion as the opiate of the masses. They denounce God as a hallucination – a delusional crutch for those too weak to accept that life is meaningless. I could not stand by while science presumed to harness the power of God himself! Proof, you say? Yes, proof of science's ignorance! What is wrong with the admission that something exists beyond our understanding? The day science substantiates God in a lab is the day people stop needing faith!† â€Å"You mean the day they stop needing the church,† Vittoria challenged, moving toward him. â€Å"Doubt is your last shred of control. It is doubt that brings souls to you. Our need to know that life has meaning. Man's insecurity and need for an enlightened soul assuring him everything is part of a master plan. But the church is not the only enlightened soul on the planet! We all seek God in different ways. What are you afraid of? That God will show himself somewhere other than inside these walls? That people will find him in their own lives and leave your antiquated rituals behind? Religions evolve! The mind finds answers, the heart grapples with new truths. My father was on your quest! A parallel path! Why couldn't you see that? God is not some omnipotent authority looking down from above, threatening to throw us into a pit of fire if we disobey. God is the energy that flows through the synapses of our nervous system and the chambers of our hearts! God is in all things!â €  â€Å"Except science,† the camerlegno fired back, his eyes showing only pity. â€Å"Science, by definition, is soulless. Divorced from the heart. Intellectual miracles like antimatter arrive in this world with no ethical instructions attached. This in itself is perilous! But when science heralds its Godless pursuits as the enlightened path? Promising answers to questions whose beauty is that they have no answers?† He shook his head. â€Å"No.† There was a moment of silence. The camerlegno felt suddenly tired as he returned Vittoria's unbending stare. This was not how it was supposed to be. Is this God's final test? It was Mortati who broke the spell. â€Å"The preferiti,† he said in a horrified whisper. â€Å"Baggia and the others. Please tell me you did not†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The camerlegno turned to him, surprised by the pain in his voice. Certainly Mortati could understand. Headlines carried science's miracles every day. How long had it been for religion? Centuries? Religion needed a miracle! Something to awaken a sleeping world. Bring them back to the path of righteousness. Restore faith. The preferiti were not leaders anyway, they were transformers – liberals prepared to embrace the new world and abandon the old ways! This was the only way. A new leader. Young. Powerful. Vibrant. Miraculous. The preferiti served the church far more effectively in death than they ever could alive. Horror and Hope. Offer four souls to save millions. The world would remember them forever as martyrs. The church would raise glorious tribute to their names. How many thousands have died for the glory of God? They are only four. â€Å"The preferiti,† Mortati repeated. â€Å"I shared their pain,† the camerlegno defended, motioning to his chest. â€Å"And I too would die for God, but my work is only just begun. They are singing in St. Peter's Square!† The camerlegno saw the horror in Mortati's eyes and again felt confused. Was it the morphine? Mortati was looking at him as if the camerlegno himself had killed these men with his bare hands. I would do even that for God, the camerlegno thought, and yet he had not. The deeds had been carried out by the Hassassin – a heathen soul tricked into thinking he was doing the work of the Illuminati. I am Janus, the camerlegno had told him. I will prove my power. And he had. The Hassassin's hatred had made him God's pawn. â€Å"Listen to the singing,† the camerlegno said, smiling, his own heart rejoicing. â€Å"Nothing unites hearts like the presence of evil. Burn a church and the community rises up, holding hands, singing hymns of defiance as they rebuild. Look how they flock tonight. Fear has brought them home. Forge modern demons for modern man. Apathy is dead. Show them the face of evil – Satanists lurking among us – running our governments, our banks, our schools, threatening to obliterate the very House of God with their misguided science. Depravity runs deep. Man must be vigilant. Seek the goodness. Become the goodness!† In the silence, the camerlegno hoped they now understood. The Illuminati had not resurfaced. The Illuminati were long deceased. Only their myth was alive. The camerlegno had resurrected the Illuminati as a reminder. Those who knew the Illuminati history relived their evil. Those who did not, had learned of it and were amazed how blind they had been. The ancient demons had been resurrected to awaken an indifferent world. â€Å"But†¦ the brands?† Mortati's voice was stiff with outrage. The camerlegno did not answer. Mortati had no way of knowing, but the brands had been confiscated by the Vatican over a century ago. They had been locked away, forgotten and dust covered, in the Papal Vault – the Pope's private reliquary, deep within his Borgia apartments. The Papal Vault contained those items the church deemed too dangerous for anyone's eyes except the Pope's. Why did they hide that which inspired fear? Fear brought people to God! The vault's key was passed down from Pope to Pope. Camerlegno Carlo Ventresca had purloined the key and ventured inside; the myth of what the vault contained was bewitching – the original manuscript for the fourteen unpublished books of the Bible known as the Apocrypha, the third prophecy of Fatima, the first two having come true and the third so terrifying the church would never reveal it. In addition to these, the camerlegno had found the Illuminati Collection – all the secrets the church had uncovered after banishing the group from Rome†¦ their contemptible Path of Illumination†¦ the cunning deceit of the Vatican's head artist, Bernini†¦ Europe's top scientists mocking religion as they secretly assembled in the Vatican's own Castle St. Angelo. The collection included a pentagon box containing iron brands, one of them the mythical Illuminati Diamond. This was a part of Vatican history the ancients thought best forgotten. The camerlegno, however, had dis agreed. â€Å"But the antimatter†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Vittoria demanded. â€Å"You risked destroying the Vatican!† â€Å"There is no risk when God is at your side,† the camerlegno said. â€Å"This cause was His.† â€Å"You're insane!† she seethed. â€Å"Millions were saved.† â€Å"People were killed!† â€Å"Souls were saved.† â€Å"Tell that to my father and Max Kohler!† â€Å"CERN's arrogance needed to be revealed. A droplet of liquid that can vaporize a half mile? And you call me mad?† The camerlegno felt a rage rising in him. Did they think his was a simple charge? â€Å"Those who believe undergo great tests for God! God asked Abraham to sacrifice his child! God commanded Jesus to endure crucifixion! And so we hang the symbol of the crucifix before our eyes – bloody, painful, agonizing – to remind us of evil's power! To keep our hearts vigilant! The scars on Jesus' body are a living reminder of the powers of darkness! My scars are a living reminder! Evil lives, but the power of God will overcome!† His shouts echoed off the back wall of the Sistine Chapel and then a profound silence fell. Time seemed to stop. Michelangelo's Last Judgment rose ominously behind him†¦ Jesus casting sinners into hell. Tears brimmed in Mortati's eyes. â€Å"What have you done, Carlo?† Mortati asked in a whisper. He closed his eyes, and a tear rolled. â€Å"His Holiness?† A collective sigh of pain went up, as if everyone in the room had forgotten until that very moment. The Pope. Poisoned. â€Å"A vile liar,† the camerlegno said. Mortati looked shattered. â€Å"What do you mean? He was honest! He†¦ loved you.† â€Å"And I him.† Oh, how I loved him! But the deceit! The broken vows to God! The camerlegno knew they did not understand right now, but they would. When he told them, they would see! His Holiness was the most nefarious deceiver the church had ever seen. The camerlegno still remembered that terrible night. He had returned from his trip to CERN with news of Vetra's Genesis and of antimatter's horrific power. The camerlegno was certain the Pope would see the perils, but the Holy Father saw only hope in Vetra's breakthrough. He even suggested the Vatican fund Vetra's work as a gesture of goodwill toward spiritually based scientific research. Madness! The church investing in research that threatened to make the church obsolete? Work that spawned weapons of mass destruction? The bomb that had killed his mother†¦ â€Å"But†¦ you can't!† the camerlegno had exclaimed. â€Å"I owe a deep debt to science,† the Pope had replied. â€Å"Something I have hidden my entire life. Science gave me a gift when I was a young man. A gift I have never forgotten.† â€Å"I don't understand. What does science have to offer a man of God?† â€Å"It is complicated,† the Pope had said. â€Å"I will need time to make you understand. But first, there is a simple fact about me that you must know. I have kept it hidden all these years. I believe it is time I told you.† Then the Pope had told him the astonishing truth. 132 The camerlegno lay curled in a ball on the dirt floor in front of St. Peter's tomb. The Necropolis was cold, but it helped clot the blood flowing from the wounds he had torn at his own flesh. His Holiness would not find him here. Nobody would find him here†¦ â€Å"It is complicated,† the Pope's voice echoed in his mind. â€Å"I will need time to make you understand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  But the camerlegno knew no amount of time could make him understand. Liar! I believed in you! GOD believed in you! With a single sentence, the Pope had brought the camerlegno's world crashing down around him. Everything the camerlegno had ever believed about his mentor was shattered before his eyes. The truth drilled into the camerlegno's heart with such force that he staggered backward out of the Pope's office and vomited in the hallway. â€Å"Wait!† the Pope had cried, chasing after him. â€Å"Please let me explain!† But the camerlegno ran off. How could His Holiness expect him to endure any more? Oh, the wretched depravity of it! What if someone else found out? Imagine the desecration to the church! Did the Pope's holy vows mean nothing? The madness came quickly, screaming in his ears, until he awoke before St. Peter's tomb. It was then that God came to him with an awesome fierceness. Yours is a Vengeful God! Together, they made their plans. Together they would protect the church. Together they would restore faith to this faithless world. Evil was everywhere. And yet the world had become immune! Together they would unveil the darkness for the world to see†¦ and God would overcome! Horror and Hope. Then the world would believe! God's first test had been less horrible than the camerlegno imagined. Sneaking into the Papal bed chambers†¦ filling his syringe†¦ covering the deceiver's mouth as his body spasmed into death. In the moonlight, the camerlegno could see in the Pope's wild eyes there was something he wanted to say. But it was too late. The Pope had said enough. 133 â€Å"The Pope fathered a child.† Inside the Sistine Chapel, the camerlegno stood unwavering as he spoke. Five solitary words of astonishing disclosure. The entire assembly seemed to recoil in unison. The cardinals' accusing miens evaporated into aghast stares, as if every soul in the room were praying the camerlegno was wrong. The Pope fathered a child. Langdon felt the shock wave hit him too. Vittoria's hand, tight in his, jolted, while Langdon's mind, already numb with unanswered questions, wrestled to find a center of gravity. The camerlegno's utterance seemed like it would hang forever in the air above them. Even in the camerlegno's frenzied eyes, Langdon could see pure conviction. Langdon wanted to disengage, tell himself he was lost in some grotesque nightmare, soon to wake up in a world that made sense. â€Å"This must be a lie!† one of the cardinals yelled. â€Å"I will not believe it!† another protested. â€Å"His Holiness was as devout a man as ever lived!† It was Mortati who spoke next, his voice thin with devastation. â€Å"My friends. What the camerlegno says is true.† Every cardinal in the chapel spun as though Mortati had just shouted an obscenity. â€Å"The Pope indeed fathered a child.† The cardinals blanched with dread. The camerlegno looked stunned. â€Å"You knew? But†¦ how could you possibly know this?† Mortati sighed. â€Å"When His Holiness was elected†¦ I was the Devil's Advocate.† There was a communal gasp. Langdon understood. This meant the information was probably true. The infamous â€Å"Devil's Advocate† was the authority when it came to scandalous information inside the Vatican. Skeletons in a Pope's closet were dangerous, and prior to elections, secret inquiries into a candidate's background were carried out by a lone cardinal who served as the â€Å"Devil's Advocate† – that individual responsible for unearthing reasons why the eligible cardinals should not become Pope. The Devil's Advocate was appointed in advance by the reigning Pope in preparation for his own death. The Devil's Advocate was never supposed to reveal his identity. Ever. â€Å"I was the Devil's Advocate,† Mortati repeated. â€Å"That is how I found out.† Mouths dropped. Apparently tonight was a night when all the rules were going out the window. The camerlegno felt his heart filling with rage. â€Å"And you†¦ told no one?† â€Å"I confronted His Holiness,† Mortati said. â€Å"And he confessed. He explained the entire story and asked only that I let my heart guide my decision as to whether or not to reveal his secret.† â€Å"And your heart told you to bury the information?† â€Å"He was the runaway favorite for the papacy. People loved him. The scandal would have hurt the church deeply.† â€Å"But he fathered a child! He broke his sacred vow of celibacy!† The camerlegno was screaming now. He could hear his mother's voice. A promise to God is the most important promise of all. Never break a promise to God. â€Å"The Pope broke his vow!† Mortati looked delirious with angst. â€Å"Carlo, his love†¦ was chaste. He had broken no vow. He didn't explain it to you?† â€Å"Explain what?† The camerlegno remembered running out of the Pope's office while the Pope was calling to him. Let me explain! Slowly, sadly, Mortati let the tale unfold. Many years ago, the Pope, when he was still just a priest, had fallen in love with a young nun. Both of them had taken vows of celibacy and never even considered breaking their covenant with God. Still, as they fell deeper in love, although they could resist the temptations of the flesh, they both found themselves longing for something they never expected – to participate in God's ultimate miracle of creation – a child. Their child. The yearning, especially in her, became overwhelming. Still, God came first. A year later, when the frustration had reached almost unbearable proportions, she came to him in a whirl of excitement. She had just read an article about a new miracle of science – a process by which two people, without ever having sexual relations, could have a child. She sensed this was a sign from God. The priest could see the happiness in her eyes and agreed. A year later she had a child through the miracle of artificial insemination†¦ â€Å"This cannot†¦ be true,† the camerlegno said, panicked, hoping it was the morphine washing over his senses. Certainly he was hearing things. Mortati now had tears in his eyes. â€Å"Carlo, this is why His Holiness has always had an affection for the sciences. He felt he owed a debt to science. Science let him experience the joys of fatherhood without breaking his vow of celibacy. His Holiness told me he had no regrets except one – that his advancing stature in the church prohibited him from being with the woman he loved and seeing his infant grow up.† Camerlegno Carlo Ventresca felt the madness setting in again. He wanted to claw at his flesh. How could I have known? â€Å"The Pope committed no sin, Carlo. He was chaste.† â€Å"But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The camerlegno searched his anguished mind for any kind of rationale. â€Å"Think of the jeopardy†¦ of his deeds.† His voice felt weak. â€Å"What if this whore of his came forward? Or, heaven forbid, his child? Imagine the shame the church would endure.† Mortati's voice was tremulous. â€Å"The child has already come forward.† Everything stopped. â€Å"Carlo†¦?† Mortati crumbled. â€Å"His Holiness's child†¦ is you.† At that moment, the camerlegno could feel the fire of faith dim in his heart. He stood trembling on the altar, framed by Michelangelo's towering Last Judgment. He knew he had just glimpsed hell itself. He opened his mouth to speak, but his lips wavered, soundless. â€Å"Don't you see?† Mortati choked. â€Å"That is why His Holiness came to you in the hospital in Palermo when you were a boy. That is why he took you in and raised you. The nun he loved was Maria†¦ your mother. She left the nunnery to raise you, but she never abandoned her strict devotion to God. When the Pope heard she had died in an explosion and that you, his son, had miraculously survived†¦ he swore to God he would never leave you alone again. Carlo, your parents were both virgins. They kept their vows to God. And still they found a way to bring you into the world. You were their miraculous child.† The camerlegno covered his ears, trying to block out the words. He stood paralyzed on the altar. Then, with his world yanked from beneath him, he fell violently to his knees and let out a wail of anguish. Seconds. Minutes. Hours. Time seemed to have lost all meaning inside the four walls of the chapel. Vittoria felt herself slowly breaking free of the paralysis that seemed to have gripped them all. She let go of Langdon's hand and began moving through the crowd of cardinals. The chapel door seemed miles away, and she felt like she was moving underwater†¦ slow motion. As she maneuvered through the robes, her motion seemed to pull others from their trance. Some of the cardinals began to pray. Others wept. Some turned to watch her go, their blank expressions turning slowly to a foreboding cognition as she moved toward the door. She had almost reached the back of the crowd when a hand caught her arm. The touch was frail but resolute. She turned, face to face with a wizened cardinal. His visage was clouded by fear. â€Å"No,† the man whispered. â€Å"You cannot.† Vittoria stared, incredulous. Another cardinal was at her side now. â€Å"We must think before we act.† And another. â€Å"The pain this could cause†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Vittoria was surrounded. She looked at them all, stunned. â€Å"But these deeds here today, tonight†¦ certainly the world should know the truth.† â€Å"My heart agrees,† the wizened cardinal said, still holding her arm, â€Å"and yet it is a path from which there is no return. We must consider the shattered hopes. The cynicism. How could the people ever trust again?† Suddenly, more cardinals seemed to be blocking her way. There was a wall of black robes before her. â€Å"Listen to the people in the square,† one said. â€Å"What will this do to their hearts? We must exercise prudence.† â€Å"We need time to think and pray,† another said. â€Å"We must act with foresight. The repercussions of this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"He killed my father!† Vittoria said. â€Å"He killed his own father!† â€Å"I'm certain he will pay for his sins,† the cardinal holding her arm said sadly. Vittoria was certain too, and she intended to ensure he paid. She tried to push toward the door again, but the cardinals huddled closer, their faces frightened. â€Å"What are you going to do?† she exclaimed. â€Å"Kill me?† The old men blanched, and Vittoria immediately regretted her words. She could see these men were gentle souls. They had seen enough violence tonight. They meant no threat. They were simply trapped. Scared. Trying to get their bearings. â€Å"I want†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the wizened cardinal said, â€Å"†¦ to do what is right.† â€Å"Then you will let her out,† a deep voice declared behind her. The words were calm but absolute. Robert Langdon arrived at her side, and she felt his hand take hers. â€Å"Ms. Vetra and I are leaving this chapel. Right now.† Faltering, hesitant, the cardinals began to step aside. â€Å"Wait!† It was Mortati. He moved toward them now, down the center aisle, leaving the camerlegno alone and defeated on the altar. Mortati looked older all of a sudden, wearied beyond his years. His motion was burdened with shame. He arrived, putting a hand on Langdon's shoulder and one on Vittoria's as well. Vittoria felt sincerity in his touch. The man's eyes were more tearful now. â€Å"Of course you are free to go,† Mortati said. â€Å"Of course.† The man paused, his grief almost tangible. â€Å"I ask only this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He stared down at his feet a long moment then back up at Vittoria and Langdon. â€Å"Let me do it. I will go into the square right now and find a way. I will tell them. I don't know how†¦ but I will find a way. The church's confession should come from within. Our failures should be our own to expose.† Mortati turned sadly back toward the altar. â€Å"Carlo, you have brought this church to a disastrous juncture.† He paused, looking around. The altar was bare. There was a rustle of cloth down the side aisle, and the door clicked shut. The camerlegno was gone.